The Current Definition of Skin Types and Influencing Factors

The cosmetic approach to dermatological consultation is based on an assessment of the physiological condition of the skin that takes subjective and objective considerations into account. The skin is currently divided into four different types or conditions:

Normal Skin
Where normal, physiological conditions are present, the skin is described as eudermic: The skin is fine pored, well supplied with blood, has a rosy colour and uniform transparency. It is neither too oily nor too dry and, from an objective point of view, free from problems. The skin condition can be considerably altered by endogenous and exogenous factors.

Dry Skin
Scaling patches on the skin can cause intense itching and a feeling of tightness. The skin appears rough and blotchy, sometimes even prematurely aged.

Oily Skin
Characterized by enlarged pores filled with comedones (blackheads), oily skin shines, has irregular transparency and often looks pale and yellowish.

Combination Skin
The forehead, chin and nose are oily, while the cheeks appear normal to dry.

Internal and External Factors Influencing the Skin Condition

Internal factors | External factors
Internal (endogenous) factors include a predisposition to one of the above skin types or to certain skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
Unlike premature skin aging, which is caused by external factors, biological endogenous skin aging is genetically determined and characterized by:

1. Diminishing capacity for cell regeneration and renewal

2. Reduced sebaceous and sweat gland secretions

3. Hardening of the connective tissue with reduced water binding capacity

4. Degeneration of elastic fibres

Predisposed people can react to mental and stress-induced triggers with pathological skin conditions. Hormones can also have a physiological and pathological effect on the skin condition. For example, hormonal changes trigger the  acne of puberty or the age-related atrophyof the skin beginning with menopause.  Diseases of endocrine glands such as the thyroid and adrenals are often associated with changes in the skin condition.

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